2.
  -2024
..  

( -l: -    )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
              /  -
       
-
1.    ?          
2.         
-
3.     ?   -       
?
4.   ? -            
-
5.             
2.
6.   ?        
-
7.      
8.       -      
  -2024
..  

( -l: -    )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
              /  -
       
-
1.    ?          
: :   ,     
   
      :  '    , 
    ,   '        , 
            
-  , 
  :
   
 ?     
 ?   
     
?
2.
        -         
              
  :   , , ,        ,  
                 

 
   ?
              '    
              ,  
     ,     -, , ,   
  ,         
            :
1. - :, , ,      ,   
,         
2.  :  ,   , , ,  
 
3.  :    ,   , , , 
    
4.  :,  ,        

5.   :  , ,       
 
6.  : ,  ,       
   
  
 ?
   ,     
;      
        
:
1.        
        ,   
 ,  
    ,            
    
   :
     
2.
        
      '    
   , 
           

2.     
, , ,            
        ,     
 :
           
           
        
 
 ,              
  
3.  
 , ,             
         :
             
    
           
          
   ,        ,    
  
4.       
               :
        -  
 ?
     
      
    , ,       
2.
 ,         '      
5.    
 ,   ,           ,
                :
       
   
       
 ,            
    
    
      
;       
  :
1.   :
        '
  
2.   -:, ,       
              
3.    :       
,       '   
4.  :   ,         
  
   
                  
,  
 ,             
        ,        
   '   ,   ,   ,   
     
        
  
     
      , 
  , ,   
       
   

    
       :
2.
    ' 
      -    
,         
 

 ,                  
   ,      , 
   ,       ,      
     
    , 
     -     , 
 ,   ,          
 
     
             
    ,          
        
2.         
:      
 

   
        
    : 
         -    ,   
     
  -       ?  
,       ,         
    
2.
               
      ,      '   , 
                
 
  -  
    
1912 ,            :
  
,      '        , 
        ,      
   
1.    :           

2.  :  ()   ()     
 '         
3. - : -  '       
  
4.  :         
    
   

    ,            
    ?       - 
    ,       ,  
        
  -  
20
    
1950  1960   ,   -         
  -      :
    
    -    
  

         ,       

         ,     
    
2.
       
    
    () ,        
  
   -    
    ,         
    , ,     
 
  
     :        ?
        
      ,          
             
        '  
  ,     
    
  
  
          ()  (  ) 
                
   ,        
   
1.    :           
 
2. :            

3.     :         ,  
  
4.  :       ( ,    
   )
 ,                 
 
 
2.
         -    
 
     -      
  ,     
 :     
 
  
1912     ,   " "     
 1960     ,          
,     : "   "
   ;       ,   
   ,
  
 
,   -       :
   "  "    

 ?
     
   
    
   ?
    -  ' 
  ?
     
   ,     
 

             
 
        :   
        :  
,       
  ,              
  
            
 ,  
             
   ,   :      ,    
  
2.
-
3.     ?   -       
?
:  :     
               
          -    ,  ,  
                 ,  
            
   
      ,   -   
 ,   ,              
    , ,            
;
          
   
   '             
             :
1.   -     
2.  -     
3.  -         
 
              ,   
 ,             
;   
    , -         

      :      
 -  ,
                ,   !
           
  
    
;    -    '     
       :
1.  
2.
  :       
:        
:     ,       
 :  
        
 
-     ;     
 :       ,  " "  ""
  
2.   ( )
  :       
:        
:   ,   
 :  
       - 
              
3. -  ( )
  : '    ,      
:            
:         
 :        '      
 -        

-  :
- ():      
-  ():      
4. -  
  :     
: /      
 :  
        
     '    
2.
    
  
             
                 
             ,  ' 

 
   :
1.    -      
2.     -       
3.  -    ,    
   ,          ,   

          -   -    -
     
     
1.    ()-       
  - 
2.    ()-         
    
3.  ()-           
 
    
         ,  
,       ,       
  ,         '   
 
        
  = N( = ) →       
  = R( = ) →      
- = S( = ) →  
- = O( = ) → / +    
 
2.
      
     :
               
     
 

     
 -  ,        
 , - ,      ,    
        ,       
,           
  ,        -     ,
               
   ,          ,     
  ,      
4.   ? -            
:: ,   
 

   
     ,       
    ,   ,    ,   
        
  
     
;          
  ,            ,  
       
  ?
2.
                   
              ,  
    ,     
       
 ,       
 '           
     (    )     
   '     (    ) 
  
 ,   :            
   
  
     

  -      - 
      '  :
1.    
o               
o      ,   ,     

o     '        ,   
     
o         90%     
2.  
o       ,      
o              
 
o    '          
 
3.    
o    , ,        
o     -  
      

o    '            
4.    ( )
o  ,  ,    (- ),  
 ()        
o         -    

  
2.
  
  ,         
1.  
:       '  
   :  ,  ,     
:
o 2001  ,    
o 2011      ,      
:               
,      
2.  
:            
   :    
: 
  ()  
 ()  - 
:         
 ,   
 
3.   
:  , ,           
   :   ,       
:           
:        
4.  
:  ,  ,       
   :     
:  ()   ()       
   
:         
5.  - 
:            
   :       
: ,      
:         '  
 ,   
  
  
2.
            :
-  :  70         

     
-  : 70-300    
-  : 300       '    
  '  
   
      
        :
1. -  (  )
o    -
o     80-90%    
o  , ,       
2. -  (- )
o       
-    

o   , ,     -   
3. -  
o -   -
o     
 
  
:      ,     ,   
      
 :     
      
  
:    , 
-      
   
  
         ,   ,   
 ,               , 
 " "  ""   -    
     ,          ,   
       ,        
    ,          
2.
       ,       
 : 
,      

             
           '       
  
       ,  ,     
    
    , , , ,   - 
 
             
 ,             
,         , 
  
              
  
-
5.             
:       
 

        ,         
           -      
   ,  ,        - , ,
   -             
 
 :       
     ,          
 '         -- , 
         
    
    '        :
1. -    ()-      
2.
2. -    ()-     '  
3. -    ()- ,         
1. -  - -  
               
 :
: , ,    , ,  
       ,       29%
  
 :      71%   ,    -

  :  ,    ,     
       ,         
 
  :      ,    
         
 :            ,
            
2. -    -  
    ,        -
        :
() 
:    ,          
:
o  :       '   ( 
, , )
o  :    ,        ( 
  ,    )
o  :     (    
,
  
)
:   ,     ,   
() 
:  -  ,   ""   
:
2.
o         (     )
o       
  (    
)
:   ,   ,     
()  
:    ,   -  
:
o   ( , - )   
o        
:  ,  ,     
(d)  
 :   - , -   
 :         
- :           
 :   (   ) '    
 :    ,      ,     ,
    ,      
3. -    -  
   ,  , ,      
            
()    ()
: V-  , , 
:   , ,  ( ,  , - )
()   ()
: U-  , , 
: , , 
(c)    ()
:  , 
:   , 
()    ()
2.
: ,  , , 
: , , ,  
(e)    ( )
: , , , ,     
 :    ,   - -      
   
  
  
  :       ,    
,    
 
:    ,    ,    
:        
 ,     
:  ,        
  
         -    
   -   , ,       - 
, -      
 :   
,     ,    
  ,    
     
   ,    
        

        ,   ()  
()      
   (  ),   (, , , 
),    (  , , , , )   
 
    ,         
 ,       -   
,  ,   
       , 
   
; 
  
   
2.
6.   ?        
:   
            
 ,         ,   
  -        
      ,  
        
       -
   , -   ,         
       
  ?
         '       
 ,         ,       
,             ,   ,  
     ,   '   -       

           , , 
, ,   ' 
      -           -  
      
  
 ?
      
    -    

 ,  :
  -            
  
- 
         ,     
 
-      -  -     

 -   ,     ,       
   
 -    ,      
 ,       
  ,            ,   
,      
2.
  
      ,        
  :
1.  () 
              
          -     ,  
         ""   
       :
  (- ):
            ,     
  ,        -      
  :          
 
 ():
       '       
  ,        ,    
 :          


:
, ,          ,       
:         ,    
  ():
            
    ,     ,     ,   
      
2.  
       , ,  ,  
           ,
              
   -   
    
    :
:
  ,       ,    
 ( ) 
        :
            
2.
:
         ,       
:      
   
:

        
   
        ( )   
     -   :   
  
:
          
 ,  
      
 
:
      ,       
             
     
3.  
     
 -   ! ,      
   
       
   :
            -  

  -       
            - 


         :      , 
        
  

         ,        
 ' :
1.  () :
o            
o   , , ,     
o :  , , 
2.  :
2.
o      
o , , ,       

o : , , 
            
  
         
 
   
?
  '       ,      
 -       :
1.   :   -     ,   
     
 
2.  :, ,          
   
3.   :   ,     
  ,     
4.   :            
            
 
      
         
     :
2.

            ,    
       

               
  ,  - ,    -       ,
,       
       
,        ,          
,     
        
    ,
 ,            
 
           ,  ,  
    , , ,            

   '          ,    - 
 
        :    
-
7.      
:   
   '  ,   ,   
 
       ,      ,  -
                 
       
;         
       ,       
      ,       ,  
    
   ?
           ,   ,
 ,              
,  -      
     -   , ,  
,       
   ;  , ,
       
2.
     
-        ,      
       :
1.  :           
  ,    ,        
2. :            , 
         
3. :              
4.   :      ,   

 ,          ,    
   
5.   : ,        
  
    
    '            
         
1.    
    '            
     ,       
          :
:   -    -      
        ,       
 ,        
- :   ' ,      
         
 
,   :       , - 
   
        ,   
  
   ,     ,     
            
  :  '        , 
     ,  
 ,       
      
   ,          
 
 ,       
2.   
2.
      ,  ,       ,  
              '   , 
             :
:   - , ,        
                ,
     
:          ,    
       ,      
 
:             ,    

 ,     
 
:               
      ,     
    :       , 
 -            
   
         , -, 
          
       
 ,             
 ,        ,      

 ,         ,       
              
  , ,       
  '   
        ,         
   :
     :     
 , 
       
 
  :        , 
                
  :     ,  
    
           ,    
     
2.
   
     
 -      '  
:
 : ,         
     
:          , 
     
 
-:      , -    
 '   
  -:,        ,
       
      
 ,         :
:           
:  ,   ,     
 
 :          
       
: '         
 
              
    
 
      
      :
2.
   : ,    , , , , , , ,
, 

 ,      ,  ,      
      ,    ,      
            ,    
               
 ,              
      
   
 -   ,     ,   

               
8.       -      
:   -   
 

   
            
        ,   ,   , 
   , 
        '    
     :            
   ,      
 ,    
,       
     -  -         
 -        ,     
      
  ?
-     -  , , , , ,  
           -   , 
  ,         
2.
  : -     ,  ,    
  
   -  
  
        , , , , ,    
        
 -       -
     
               
 
             
             
 
 , -           
 
   -   
    -  -       

1.     
     :       ,   
       :   - 
:     ,      : 

 :            
      :    
: -             ,  
  ,     
2.  
 :           
   - , ,  -    
 :      ,   - 
   
  :     ,     
    -  - 
2.
: -       
 ,   ,  -
  '   
3.   
 :     ,        
: ,       :    

 :       -   

: -        , ,    
4.     
:   -  (
, , )  ,  
     
 :           
    
 :        
: -      ,        
    
5.    
:       '   (   )
 :       
:  -     
: -            
-
 ,       
6.   
: ,        :  

:          
 :        
: -             
     
7.     
2.
:          :  
 : ,    
:      
 : ,         
: -              
   
8.     
 :    ,  ,       
 
-  :          

 
: -           
 
: -      
 
9. -  
: , ,   
: ,  ,  
:     -
: -    
   -   , 
   
   
: -         ,   
     -,      '  
-  :          
  
 
 : -       ,   
-    
 :            

,        
 
-    
     
      
     
  -   ,      
2.
  
   ,   ,      
    
   ,  
     
  
-         
 :
"     '  , 
      "
"  '   , 
   "
"   ,   ,      "
   ,    -    , 
  

-           
 , , ,  , , ,  , 
  -       
             , 
  
 
 , -              
    -       
"               

       ,         "